Pile fabric.



E. s. CRADDOCK.

FILE FABRIC. APPLICATION FILED APR. .6. 1915.

Patented Dec. 12,1916.

binders.

M in

FJDW \1: S. CRADDUCK, 0F NE YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T0 JOHN A. BOYAJFAN,0F JERSEY CITY, NEW J ERSEY.

FILE FABRIC.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ea. 12, tote.

Application filed April 16, 1915. Serial No. 21,728.

a citizen of the United States of America,

and residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented new and useful Improvements in File Fabrics, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates particularly to the heavier fabrics, suh as rugsand carpets.

One object of the invention'is to secure a close, compact weave.

Another object is to provide a structure which can be produced rapidlyand economically.

According to this invention the pile warps are arranged'in sets, thepile units of one set being looped over certain weft threads of thestructure with intervening weft threads between them and the pile unitsof a different set being looped over said intervening weft threads. Thisbinds the structure together and produces a close substantial fabric.Binders are woven in with the weft threads and pile units to give bodyto the fabric and to assist in looking the members together.

Other features will appear as the specification proceeds.

The accompanying drawing illustrates the invention as embodied inseveral preferred forms, but it will be understood that other changesand modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit andscope of the invention.

Figure 1, IS a perspective view on an enlarged scale of a small portionof fabric embodying the invention in a simple form, the threadsconstituting the structure being shown separated for the sake ofclearness. In this construction a single binder separates two sets ofpile from the adjoining two sets and the binders are interwoven with theweft threads and the weft threads are interwoven between the binders andthe pile warps. Fig. 2, is a like view of a slightly modified formwherein a single binder separates adjoining sets of pile and the weftthreads are interwoven with the Fig. 3, is a perspective. view ofanother form wherein a pair of intertwined binders separate each twosets of pile from the adjoining sets. Fig. 4, is a similar view of aslightly difi'erent form wherein a pair of intertwined binders separateadjoining sets of pile. Fig. 5, is a perspective view of a form whereinthe binders loop over and under pairs of weft threads.

The body or base of the fabric is made up of wefts or weft threads andbinders or warp threads combined in various ways.

The pile warps are arranged in two parallel longitudinally extendingsets, the units of such setsas cut apart by the pile wires of the loom,being designated 7 and 8 respectively. The units of one set, units 7 forinstance, are looped over certain wefts 9 and up around the cross warps10 at opposite sides of the looped-over wefts 9, and they are separatedfrom each other by an intervening weft 11. The units 8 of the other pileset are looped over these intervening wefts 11, between the units of thefirst set and up around the wefts 10 at opposite sides thereof. Theunits of the second set 'thus pass up around opposite sides of the,

. ture is closely woven, as it will be in practice, a firm, durablefabric.

The binders. are designated 15 in Fig. 1. These binders extendlongitudinally of the fabric alongside of and parallel to the pilewarps, and in this particular case each two sets of pile warps areseparated by a single binder. Also here, the binders while interwovenwith the wefts are all parallel to each other. v a

In Fig.2 1 have shown how the individual sets of pile units 7 and 8 maybe separated by single binders 17 The binders in this case are notparallel, "alternate binders interlacing to. opposite sides of thecross.

This produces a somewhat heavier Different efiects can be produced byvarying the relative tensions on the weft threads and binders. Thus inFig. 2, Where the wefts are placed under greater tension than thebinders, the wefts will remain relatively straight while the binderswill be more or less sinuous. A reverse effect could be produced byreversing the tensions, making the tension on the binders greater thanthe tension on the weft threads.

The fabrics produced according to my invention are relatively simple andso can be produced rapidly and economically on a comparatively simpleloom construction free of any particular complications. The parts of thefabric are all firmly united and tied together and form a durable,lasting structure.

A special feature, it will be noted, is that each pile unit of one setserves to tie together two adjoining pile units in the other set, eachpile unit in a set being looped about the same two wefts which arelooped about by adjoining pile units in the other set. The pile unitsbeing thus in effect tied together through the intermediacy of thewefts, act in the nature of binders and so give added longitudinalstrength to the fabric. This binder effect of the pile units enables theuse of smaller binder threads and this of course enables the pile tuftsto lie closer together and so form a firmer and more compact fabric.Another important result of this-construction is that at no point of thefabric are adjoining tufts separated by more than a single Weft. Thetufts thus lie close together and form a compact firm mass.

Furthermore inasmuch as the tufts are not separated at any point by morethan a single intervening weft the fabric is of uniform texture. Thisuniformity of texture,

provides a continuous interlocking of the pile units'in all directionsand so prevents the pile units working loose or being pulled out.

What I claim is 1. A pile fabric comprising wefts, a set of pile unitslooped over certain of said wefts and up around wefts at opposite sidesof said looped-over wefts, adjacent pile units of said set beingseparated from each other by only a single intervening weft and a secondset of pile units looped over said single intervening wefts between theunits of the first set and up around the wefts at opposite sides thereofwhich are looped about by adjoining units in the first set of pileunits, whereby each pile unit of one set serves to tie together twoadjoining pile units in the other set and whereby adjacent upstandingtufts of the pile units are separated only by a single intervening weftto thereby form a close uniform firm pile structure.

2. 'A pile fabric comprising wefts, binders combined with said wefts andpile units arranged in two sets, the pile units of the respective setsbeing looped over alternate wefts and under and up around the weftsbetween said looped-over alternate wefts, each pile unit in each setbeing looped over a weft between adjoining pile units in the other setand up around the same wefts which are looped about by the adjoiningunits in the other set and thereby tying together the adjoining pileunits in the other set and providing in effect a substantial continuityof the pile units.

3. A pile fabric comprising wefts, a set of pile units looped overcertain of said wefts and up around wefts at opposite sides of saidlooped-over wefts, adjacent pile units of said set being separated fromeach other by only a single intervening weft and a second set of pileunits disposed alongside and immediately adjoining the first set of pileunits and looped over said single intervening wefts between the units ofthe first set and up around the wefts at opposite sides thereof whichare looped about by adjoining units in the first set of pile units,whereby each pile unit of one set serves to tie together two adjoiningpile units in the other set and whereby adjacent upstanding tufts of thepile units are separated only by a single intervening weft to therebyform a close uniform firm pile structure.

4. A pile fabric comprising wefts, pile units arranged in two sets, thepile units of the respective sets being looped over alternate wefts andunder and up around the wefts between said looped-over alternate wefts,each pile unit in each set being looped over a weft between adjoiningpile units in the other set and up around the same wefts which arelooped about by the adjoining units in the other set'and thereby tyingtogether the adjoining pile units in the other set and providing ineffect a substantial continuity of the pile units and a single binderdisposed between certain of the adjacent sets of pile units andinterwoven with the wefts aforesaid.

EDWARD S. CRADDOCK.

